What types of stainless steel have magnetism?

 　　Not all stainless steel is the same. The following are the main series features that distinguish the types of stainless steel:

　　austenitic stainless steel

　　This is the most widely used stainless steel series. Due to the presence of more austenite, most austenitic stainless steels are non magnetic. Although stainless steel grades such as 304 and 316 stainless steel contain a significant amount of iron in their chemical composition, austenite makes them non ferromagnetic.

　　Some austenitic stainless steel alloys in this branch can be partially magnetized by special heat treatment or work hardening, because this process will change the crystal structure of the bottom layer and form ferrite at some positions.

　　Ferritic stainless steel

　　The most cost-effective stainless steel series. Ferritic stainless steel has magnetism due to the large amount of ferrite composition in the alloy.

　　Ferrites are compounds of iron and other elements. The combination of ferrite crystal structure and iron makes ferrite stainless steel (such as the 400 series) magnetic.

　　However, some variants of this ferritic stainless steel exhibit weak magnetic pull.

　　Duplex stainless steel

　　One of the latest stainless steel alloys, due to its absence of nickel (an element used to make grades non magnetic), provides a good balance between higher corrosion resistance, ease of manufacturing, and cost savings.

　　The mixture of austenite and ferrite crystals in duplex stainless steel contributes to their magnetic pull; A large amount of ferrite (magnetism) is also important. The most famous dual phase steel grade on the market is 2205.

　　Precipitation hardened and martensite stainless steels

　　Used for hardening edge (cutting) applications. After hardening, the material exhibits magnetism.

　　On the contrary, many martensite stainless steels are inherently magnetic. This includes common grades such as 410, 420, and 440. If iron is present, the unique crystal structure of martensite stainless steel can be ferromagnetic. As stainless steel is a kind of steel, its composition contains a large amount of iron, which is the main reason why martensite stainless steel has magnetism.



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